To overcome the problem of malnutrition or poor diet, there are oral dietary supplements that can top up the normal, natural intake of protein and carbohydrates. These calorie- or protein-enriched supplements are available in different forms, flavours and textures to meet the varying requirements of patients. They are taken in addition to normal food.
Oral supplements can also be used as a preventive measure in patients at risk (during the peri-operative period, to supplement treatment, when ingestion is inadequate etc.).
Choosing the most appropriate supplement.
The choice of supplement depends on:
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 the protein and calories level of the supplements.
the dietary advantages of the supplements (high-protein, high-calorie).
the patient’s requirements and profile (for lactose-intolerant patients, choose a lactose-free product; for patients who have swallowing or chewing difficulties, choose a blended product or a product with a creamy texture).
the patient’s preferences (sweet/savoury, dairy/non-dairy, liquid/solid). |
What quantity should be prescribed?
Intervention studies* have shown that, by supplementing the diet with approximately 400 to 600 kcal per day for 1 to 6 months, it is usually possible to achieve an increase in body weight and food intake, stimulate the appetite, and improve a number of functional parameters (morbidity, cognitive function, renewed activity, breathing capacity).
This being so, a patient should be prescribed 2 to 3 oral supplements in addition to the normal diet depending on the calories and the protein content of the products.
Dietary supplements should be taken outside of mealtimes, as a snack, to avoid any decrease in food intake during meals. Supplements should be taken slowly, in small quantities, to avoid any rapid feeling of fullness.
* Source : Clinical Nutrition 18, 1999, Supplément 2, R.J. Stratton, M. Elia
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